KING DAVID COMPREHENSIVE HIGHT SCHOOL

BOOK LIST 2020/2021 FORM FOUR GENERAL

	SUBJECTS	TITLES	AUTHORS	PUBLISHERS	EXERCISE BOOKS
1	ENGLISH LANGUAGE	Mastering English	Egbe Besong Elvis	NMI	200 Ledger calculator
2	LITERATURE IN ENGLISH	Silas Marner(Prose)	G.Eliot	ANUCAM	200 Ledger
		As You Like It (Drama)	SHAKESPEARE	ANUCAM
		Authentic Poetry	Egbe Besong Elvis	NMI
3	FRENCH LANGUAGE	Le Réseau du Français	NDE Richard and others	NMI	300pg
4	LOGIC	The Essential of Logic for Ordinary Level	Ngwonam Denis	GRASSROOS PUBLISHERS	80 leaves
4	HISTORY	Effective Modern History for Colleges Forms 3,4 and 5	Batey George Eno	DOVE	300 ledger
5	GEOGRAPHY	21^st Century Applied Physical Geography and Map work for forms 4 and 5	NCHANGVI Sebastian	GRASSROOTS PUBLISHERS	300 ledger
6	CITIZESHIP	Citizenship Education Made Simple	Hannah Monono	DOVE	80 leaves
7	ECONOMICS	Masterpiece Economics	FORBE H./NGAGNCHI/MOH	GRASSROOTS PUBLISHER	300 ledger
8	COMMERCE	New Ordinary Level Commerce for Cameroon	Bartholomew Bushu	CATWA	200 ledger
9	MATHEMATICS	Interactions in Mathematics	A.T.TAMAMBANG	CAMBRIDGE	300 register
10	PHYSICS	O/Level Physics: A Modern Approach	MPAKO IVO	GRACE PUBLISHERS	300 ledger
11	CHEMISTRY	Understanding Chemistry	NJIKE N.	SHILOH PRINTS	300 ledger
12	BIOLOGY	Understanding Biology Vol1	TAPONG S.	GREEN WORLD PUB	300 ledger
13	COMPUTER SCIENCE	Gateway to Computer Science	Conrad V.N.	LEGEND
14	ADDITIONAL MATHS	Explaining Additional Mathematics	ATANGA A.	NAARAT	200 register
15	HUMAN BIOLOGY	Understanding Biology Vol 2	TAPONG S.	GREEN WORLD PUB	200 ledger
16	RELIGIOUS STUDIES	Bible		Holy Bible	80 leaves

Dear Parents, you will find below all topics uncovered before 17/March/20 and their lesson notes in each subject. Make sure your student copy before 5th/October/2020 school resumption.

UNCOVERED TOPICS AFTER 17/03/2020

1) Biology: Movement and support in animals, General Revisions

2) Computer sciences: communication and computer networks, General Revisions

3) Geology. Topics: Plate tectonics, Palaeontology internal Geological activities.General Revisions

4) Economics:- The concept of supply

WEEK BEGINNING 13/04 TO 30/04/2020

DEAR STUDENTS GO TO DOCUMENTS FOR MORE LESSONS

NB: All LESSONS IN BIOLOGY FROM APRIL TO ENDING MAY ARE ATTACHED TO DOCUMENT (01/04 TO 31/05/20)

Name. Penne Emile Nkeng

Class; Form four GEOLOGY (23/04)

GEMS; A gem is a mineral that is prized primarily for its beauty, although some gems, like diamonds, are also used industrially. Depending on its value, a gem can be either precious or semiprecious. Precious gems include diamond, emerald, ruby, and sapphire. Several varieties of quartz, including amethyst, agate, jasper, and tiger’s eye, are semiprecious gems. Garnet, olivine, topaz, turquoise, and many other minerals sometimes occur as aesthetically pleasing semiprecious gems.

ORE MINERALS Ore minerals are minerals from which metals or other elements can be profitably recovered. A few,such as native gold and native silver, are composed of a single element. However, most metals are chemically bonded to anions. Copper, lead, and zinc are commonly bonded to sulfur to form the important ore minerals chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite.

INDUSTRIAL MINERALS Several minerals are industrially important, although they are not considered ore because they are mined for purposes other than the extraction of metals. Halite is mined for table salt, and gypsum is mined as the raw material for plaster and sheetrock. Apatite and other phosphorus minerals are sources of the phosphate fertilizers crucial to modern agriculture. Many limestones are made up of nearly pure calcite and are mined as the raw material of cement.

3.6 MINERAL CLASSIFICATION

Geologists classify minerals according to their anions (negatively charged ions). Anions can be either simple or complex. A simple anion is a single negatively charged ion, such as O2. Alternatively, two or more atoms can bond firmly together and acquire a negative charge to form a complex anion. Two common examples are the silicate, (SiO4)4, and carbonate, (CO3)2, complex anions. Each mineral group (except the native elements) is named for its anion. For example, the oxides all contain O2, the silicates contain (SiO4)4, and the carbonates contain (CO3)2.

NATIVE ELEMENTS About 20 elements occur naturally in their native states as minerals. Fewer than ten, however, are common enough to be of economic importance. Gold, silver, platinum, and copper are all mined in their pure forms. Iron is rarely found in its native state in the Earth’s crust, but metallic iron is common in certain types of meteorites

Native iron and nickel are thought to comprise most of the Earth’s core. Native sulfur, used to manufacture sulfuric acid, insecticides, fertilizer, and rubber, is mined from volcanic craters, where it is deposited from gases emanating from the vents

Pure carbon occurs as both graphite and diamond. The minerals have identical compositions but different crystalline structures and are called polymorphs, after the ancient Greek for “several forms.” Graphite is one of the softest minerals and is opaque and an electrical conductor. Diamond, the hardest mineral known, is transparent and an electrical insulator..

OXIDES. The oxides are a large group of minerals in which oxygen is combined with one or more metals. Oxide minerals are the most important ores of iron, manganese, tin, chromium, uranium, titanium, and several other industrial metals. Hematite (iron oxide, Fe2O3) occurs widely in many types of rocks and is the most abundant ore of iron. Although typically red in color, it occasionally occurs as black crystals used as semiprecious gems. Magnetite (Fe3O4), a naturally magnetic iron oxide, is another ore of iron.

SULFIDES. Sulfide minerals consist of sulfur combined with one or more metals. Many sulfides are extremely important ore minerals. They are the world’s major sources of copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, silver, cobalt, mercury, nickel, and several other metals. The most common sulfides are pyrite (FeS2), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), galena (PbS), and sphalerite (ZnS).

SULFATES. The sulfate minerals contain the sulfate complex anion (SO4)2. Gypsum (CaSO4

2H2O) and anhydrite (CaSO4) are two important industrial sulfates used to manufacture plaster and sheetrock. Both form by evaporation of seawater or salty lake water.

PHOSPHATES. Phosphate minerals contain the complex anion (PO4)3. Apatite ,Ca5(F,Cl,OH)(PO4)3,is the substance that makes up both teeth and bones. Phosphate is an essential fertilizer in modern agriculture. It is mined from fossil bone beds near Tampa, Florida, and from great sedimentary apatite deposits in the northern Rocky Mountains.

CARBONATES. The complex carbonate anion (CO3)2 is the basis of two common rock-forming minerals, calcite (CaCO3)

SILICATES The silicate minerals contain the (SiO4)4 complex anion. Silicates make up about 95 percent of the Earth’s crust. They are so abundant for two reasons. First, silicon and oxygen are the two most plentiful elements in the crust. Second, silicon and oxygen combine readily. To understand the silicate minerals, remember four principles:

1. Every silicon atom surrounds itself with four oxygens. The bonds between each silicon and its four oxygens are very strong.

2. The silicon atom and its four oxygens form a pyramid-shaped structure called the silicate tetrahedron with silicon in the center and oxygens at the four corners The silicate tetrahedron has a charge and forms the (SiO4)4 complex anion. The silicate tetrahedron is the fundamental building block of all silicate minerals.

The silicate tetrahedron consists of one silicon atom surrounded by four oxygens. It is the fundamental building block of all silicate minerals.

(a) A ball-and-stick representation. (b) A proportionally accurate model.

Oxygen atoms on points of tetrahedronSilicon atom in center of tetrahedron

The five silicate structures are based on sharing of oxygens among silicate tetrahedra.

(A) Independent tetrahedra share no oxygens.

(B) In single chains, each tetrahedron shares two oxygens with adjacent tetrahedra, forming a chain.

(D) In the sheet silicates, each tetrahedron shares three oxygens with adjacent tetrahedra.

(E) A three-dimensional silicate framework shares all four oxygens of each tetrahedron.

Assignment draw the moh scale and make a table classifying the minerals dicuss above .

EVOLUTION

Meaning of Evolution and Current Concepts

• Evolution is the development of organisms from pre-existing simple organisms over a long period of time. • It is based on the similarities in structure and function that is observed in all organisms. • All are made up of cells, and similar chemical compounds are present. • This indicates that all organism may have had a common origin. • Evolution seeks to explain the diversity of life and also to answer the question as to the origin of life, as well as its present state. The Origin of Life • Human beings have tried to explain how life began. Currently held views are listed below: • Special creation -life was created by a supernatural being within a particular time. • Spontaneous generation life originated from non-living matter all at once. e.g. maggots arise from decaying meat. • Steady state - life has no origin. • Cosmozoan - life on earth originate from elsewhere, outer space. • Bio-chemical evolution-life originated according to chemical and physical laws. • Only special creation and chemical evolution will be discussed. Special Creation • The earliest idea is that of special creation which is recorded in the old testament (Genesis 1: 1-26). • It states that God created the world and all living things in six days. • Some hold the six days literally, while others say it may represent thousands of years. • According to his theory, the earth and all organisms were created mature. • Similarities in structure and function denote the stamp of a "common Designer" • Evidence for this view arises from observations of life itself. • Faith explains it all. • By faith we understand that the universe was created by the command of God.

• Several scientists hold this view and their research confirms accounts in the old testament of a universal flood explains the disappearance of dinosaurs as vegetation decreased.

Chemical Evolution

• The following is the line of thought held in this view to explain origin of life: • The composition of atmospheric gases was different from what it is today: • There was less oxygen, more carbon (IV) oxide, hence no ozone layers to filter the ultra-violet light. • The high solar energy reached the earth and brought together hydrogen, carbon (IV) oxide and nitrogen to make organic compounds. • These were: hydrocarbons, amino acids, nucleic acids, sugars, amino acids and proteins. • The proteins coalesced and formed colloids. • Proteins and lipids formed a "cell membrane" that enclosed the organic compounds, to form a primitive cell. • The cell was surrounded by organic molecules that it fed on heterotrophically. • This took place in water. • From this cell progressively autotrophs evolved. • That were similar to blue-green algae. • They produced oxygen and as more oxygen was evolved ozone layer formed an blocked ultra violet radiation. • This allowed formation of present day photo-autotrophs. Evidence for Organic Evolution • Most of the evidence for evolution is indirect . • i.e. it is based on studies carried out on present-day animals and plants. • Direct evidence is obtained from studying the remains of animals and plants of the past. Fossil Records • The study of fossils is called paleontology. • Fossils are remains of organisms that lived in ancient times. • Most fossils are remains of hard parts of the body such as bones, teeth, shells and exoskeletons. • Some fossils are just impressions of the body parts, e.g. footprints, leafvennation patterns, etc. • Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks which have been formed by deposition of sediments over millions of years. • The deeper the layer of sediments, the older the fossils found in that layer.

• Modem man, Homo sapiens, evolved from ape-like creatures 25 million years ago. • These evolved to upright, tool using creature called Australopithecus afarensis which had a cranial capacity of 400-500 cc. • This evolved through several intermediates; Homo habilis and Homo erectus to modem day human. • Homo sapiens has a cranial capacity of 1350 - 1450 cc. • Homo sapiens is more intelligent. • Main features in human evolution include bipedal posture, is an omnivore and has an opposable thumb.

Limitations of the Fossil Evidence • Only partial preservation was usually possible because softer parts decayed. The fossil records are therefore incomplete. • Distortion - parts of organisms might have become flattened during sedimentation. • Subsequent geological activities e.g. erosion, earthquakes, faulting and uplifting may have destroyed some fossils.

Geographical Distribution

• Until about 250 million years ago, all the land masses on earth formed a single land mass (Pangaea). • This is thought to have undergone continental drift, splitting into different continents. • Consequently, organisms in certain regions became geographically isolated and did not have a chance to interbreed with other organisms in other regions. • Such organisms underwent evolution in isolation and have become characteristically different from organisms in other regions. • For example, pouched mammals (e.g. kangaroo, wallaby, koala bear) are found almost exclusively in Australia. • The opossum is the only surviving representative of the pouched mammals in North America.

Comparative Embryology • During the early stages of development, the embryos of different vertebrates are almost indistinguishable. • Fish, amphibian, bird and mammalian embryos have similar, features, indicating that they arose from a common ancestor. • Similarities include: • Visceral clefts, segmental muscle blocks (myotomes) and a single circulation.

Comparative Anatomy

• Comparative anatomy is the study of organs in different species with the aim of establishing whether the organism are related. • Organisms which have the same basic features are thought to have arisen from a common ancestor. • The vertebrate pentadactyl limb evolved in different ways as an adaptation to different modes of life. • e.g. as a flipper in whales, as a wing in bats and as a digging hand in moles. • Such organs are said to be homologous, i.e. they have arisen from a common ancestor but they have assumed different functions. • This is an example of divergent evolution . • The wing of a butterfly and that of a bird are said to be analogous. • i.e. they have originated from different ancestors but they perform the same function. • This is an example of convergent evolution.

Cell Biology

• All eucaryotic cells have organelles such as mitochondria, membrane-bound nuclei (SUIT, GO TO DOCUMENT)

GO TO FORM 4 FOR MORE LESSONS

LESSON NO 1

WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020

MR TAMBU

King David Comprehensive College communication and computer network’s

PREPARED BY TUMBU BARTHOLOMEW ELAD

CLASS: FORM FOUR DURATION: 2Hrs SUBJECT: COMPUTER SCIENCE

I. COMPUTER NETWORKS A computer network is an interconnection of two or more computers so that they can communicate and share resources. Resources that can be shared on a network include files, folders, applications and printers. A computer or device on a network is called a node.

1. Types of Computer Networks Networks can be classified into four depending on the geographical area they cover.

1.1. Local Area Network A local area network (LAN) is a network that is used for communicating among computers, usually within an office building or home. It enables the sharing of resources that may be needed by multiple users in an organization. An example of LAN is the network in the Multimedia Resource Centre.

1.2. Metropolitan Area Network A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. It covers a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities. An example of a MAN is a cable TV network.

1.3. Wide Area Network A wide area network (WAN) covers a large geographic area such as a country, a continent or even the whole world. It is a distributed collection of LANs. That is, it connects two or more LANs together. The largest and most well-known example of a WAN is the Internet.

1.4. Personal Area Network A personal area network (PAN) is a network that is used for communication among computers and computer devices in close proximity of around a few meters. It usually includes laptops, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, digital cameras and headsets and can be used for communication between the devices themselves, or for connection to a larger network such as the Internet. The most popular is the Wireless PAN (WPAN), a Bluetooth connection between two laptop computers or phones.

2. Network Components Network components are the various hardware and software that are required to set up a network.

2.1. Network Operating System The most important software component required for a network is the network operating system (NOS). A network operating system is an operating system that has networking capabilities. That is, it provides the ability to share resources, to manage a network and ensure security. Examples of NOS are LANtastic (Artisoft), NetWare (Novell) and LAN Manager (Microsoft).

King David Comprehensive College communication and computer network’s

PREPARED BY TUMBU BARTHOLOMEW ELAD

2.2. Network Interface Card A network interface card (NIC) provides the physical interface (link) between the computer and the communication channel. It plugs into the system board and provides ports for connection to the network. A NIC is also called a LAN card or network adapter card. There are two kinds of NIC: wired NIC for wired networks and wireless NIC (WNIC) for wireless networks.

2.3. Hub A hub is a device that works as central connecting point for multiple computers in a network. It has ports to which the computers in the network are connected. Data sent to the hub is broadcasted to all the ports but, only the destination computer receives it.

2.4. Switch A switch is used at the same place as a hub but the difference between the two is that a switch stores information about every computer connected to it and sends the data only to the requested address.

2.5. Repeater A repeater is a device used to expand the boundaries of a network. Signals usually degrade (lose strength) as they travel. Repeaters are used preserve signal integrity by regenerating (amplifying) the signals thereby extending the distance over which the signals can travel.

2.6. Bridge A bridge is a device used to create a connection between two separate computer networks or to divide one network into segments. Creating multiple segments in a local network reduces the network traffic making the network to be faster and more efficient. A bridge performs its segmenting function by examining the data packet and forwarding it to other physical segments only if necessary.

2.7. Router A router joins several networks together and is responsible for routing data from one network to another. Routers can be computers with operating systems and special network software, or they can be other dedicated devices built by network manufacturers. The Internet relies heavily on routers.

2.8. Modem A modem converts digital signals from a computer to analog signals or for transmission over a medium (modulation) and converts analog signals from the medium to digital signals understandable by the computer (demodulation).

2.9. Cables Cables are the physical links through which signals are transmitted from one node to another. There are three types of cables: coaxial cable, twisted pair cable and fiber optic cable.

Assignment: State where necessary, the different subtypes of the above cabling types and the type of connectors they use.

LESSON NO 2

WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020

King David Comprehensive College

Summary lesson notes for week :23rd of March to the 27th of March 2020.
CLASS: F4 A and B
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
Chapter :5
Date: 23rd March 2020
Subject instructor: Dongmo N.C. Derrick

• TOPIC: MOVEMENT AND SUPPORT

• COMPETENCE: By the end of this lesson, students should be able to; Define movement and explain the different mechanisms through which movement and support is brought about in Plants and Animals.

INTRODUCTION Movement is the process by which an organism or part of that organism changes it’s position in space and time. If the whole organism moves from one point to another it is called LOCOMOTION. All living organisms moves. Movement of Organisms can be observed at the following levels:

1) Protoplasm: This is where the internal organelles of the cells move.

2) Cellular: This is where individual cell move from one place to another using structures such as Flagella and pilli.

3) Organs: The movement of organs is generally observed in multicellular organism where individual organ can move without causing movement of the whole body e.g the root of plant growing into the soil without the plant moving from one place to another.

4) Organism: This is where the whole organism can move from one place to another and this is called Locomotion.

MOVEMENT IN PLANTS Plants are non-motile but they carryout a degree of movement known as Growth Movement.

There are 3 types of plant movement: • Tropism ( Tropic movement) • Tactism ( Tactic movement) • Nastism ( Nastic movement) A) Tropism: This is the growth movement of a plant in response to a unit directional stimulus. The movement is positive when it is in the direction of the stimulus and negative when it’s away from the direction of the stimulus. Types of Tropism 1) Phototropism: This is the movement of plant parts in response to unit directional light. In phototropism the stimulus is Light. Plant shoot are generally positively phototropic because they grow towards the source of light while plant roots are Neutral to light. Experiment to show that plant shoot are positively phototropic.
Aim: To show that plant shoot are positively phototropic.

Requirements: 2 potted plants, 2 dark cupboard, a source of light. Procedure: 2 potted plants are watered and put in 2 separate dark cupboard, one of the cupboard have a slit through which light can pass or enter.

The 2 setup are labelled A and B, and are allowed for 2days.

Observation: After 2days it is observed that the plant in set up B bends in the direction of the slit, while the plant in set up A continues to grow vertically upward. Conclusion: From the above observation it can be concluded that plant shoot are positively phototropic.

2) Chemotropism: This is the growth movement in Plants or plant in response to a chemical stimulus. An example is the growth of the pollen tube down the style of the flower after pollination. This is known as positive chemotropism.

Plant roots grow towards useful minerals and water thereby displaying positive chemotropism but grow away from harmful acid and display negative chemotropism.

3) Hydrotropism: This is the growth movement of plant part in response to moisture or water. Plant roots grow towards water and are said to be positively hydrotropic.

4) Geotropism: This is the growth movement of plants in response to gravity. Gravity is the force exerted by the center of the earth to any object found in the atmosphere. Plant shoot are negatively geotropic while plant roots are positively geotropi

LESSON NO 3

WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020

Penn Emile Nkeng

CLASS : FORM FOUR SCIENCE

SUBJECT: GEOLOGY

TOPIC: MINERALOGY

OBJECTIVEs: At the end students should be able to defined mineral , the physical properties and using them to identify minerals. Mineralogy is the study of mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid that has a specific chemical composition

Minerals make up rocks througt bonding of their atomic lattices

Rocks are defined as naturally formed aggregates of minerals or mineral-like substances

THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

The best approach to understanding physical properties of minerals is to obtain a sample of each of the most common rock forming mineral

Color .The first thing most people notice about a mineral is its color. For some minerals, color is a useful property. Muscovite mica is silvery white or colorless, whereas biotite mica is black or dark brown. Most of the ferromagnesian minerals (iron/ magnesium-bearing), such as augite, hornblende, olivine, and biotite, are either green or black. If you look at a number of quartz crystals, for instance, you may find specimens that are white, pink, black, yellow, or purple

Streak. Streak is the color of the powder formed when a mineral is crushed. A mineral’s streak can be observed by scraping the edge of the sample across an unglazed porcelain plate. This streak color is often very different from the color of the mineral and is usually more reliable than color as a diagnostic property. For instance, hematite always leaves a reddish brown streak though the sample may be brown or red or silver. Many metallic minerals leave a dark-colored streak whereas most nonmetallic minerals leave a white or pale-colored streak.

Luster .The quality and intensity of light that is reflected from the surface of a mineral is termed luster. The luster of a mineral is described by comparing it to familiar substances. Luster is either metallic or nonmetallic. A metallic luster gives a substance the appearance of being made of metal.

Metallic luster may be very shiny, like a chrome car part, or less shiny, like the surface of a broken piece of iron. Nonmetallic luster is more common. The most important type is glassy (also called vitreous) luster, which gives a substance a glazed appearance, like glass or porcelain. Most silicate minerals have this characteristic

Hardness. The property of “scratchability,” or hardness, can be tested fairly reliably. For a true test of hardness, the harder mineral or substance must be able to make a groove or scratch on a smooth, fresh surface of the softer mineral.

Substances can be compared to Mohs’ hardness scale, in which ten minerals are designated as standards of hardness. The softest mineral, talc (used for talcum powder because it is softer than skin), is designated as 1. Diamond, the hardest natural substance on Earth, is 10 on the scale. (Its polymorph, graphite, has a hardness of 1.5.) Mohs’ scale is a relative hardness scale

External Crystal Form. The crystal form of a mineral is a set of faces that have a definite geometric relationship to one another. A wellformed crystal of halite, for example, consists of six faces all square and joined at right angles. The crystal form of halite is a cube, in other words. Crystals more commonly consist of several types of forms combined together to generate the full body of each specimen

Fracture. Fracture is the way a substance breaks where not controlled by cleavage. Minerals that have no cleavage commonly have an irregular fracture. Some minerals break along curved fracture surfaces known as conchoidal fractures. These look like the inside of a clam shell. This type of fracture is commonly observed in quartz and garnet (but these minerals also show irregular fractures). Conchoidal fracture is particularly common in glass, including obsidian (volcanic glass). Minerals that have cleavage can fracture along directions other than that of the cleavage.

Specific Gravity It is easy to tell that a brick is heavier than a loaf of bread just by hefting each of them. The brick has a higher density, weight per given volume, than the bread. Density is commonly expressed as specific gravity, the ratio of a mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water.

Assignmemt.

Draw the moh scale of hardness.

Make a list of common mineral around your home.

LESSON NO 4

WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020

xForm four chemistry note

Uses of calcium carbonates

Its used in the extraction of iron
Its is used in the production of cement
Its used in the production of glasses
Its used in building and road
It is used in whiten and provide bulk in paper industries
Its used to neutralized acidic as lid and lakes affected by acid rain
Its used in the form of limestone to manufactured quicklime

2.Calcium oxides (CaO)

Its is obtained when lime Stone is heated strongly to about 100 degree Celsius

CaCO3 Heat. CaO + CO2

Properties of Calcium oxides. (CaO)

Physical properties

Its is hydroscopic
It melt at 2600degree Celsius
It’s a white solids
It glow at very high temperature sending out every bright light called lime light

chemical properties

Its a base reacting with acid vigorously to form calcium salt and water

With water ,it swells and cracks and produced hissing sound and the dissolved releasing a lot of heat to form a fine light powder called slack lime

CaO + H2OCa(OH)2 + energy

Its react with a ammonium salts when heated to produced ammonia gas

Cao +2NH4CLCaCl2 + H2O +NH3

of Calcium oxides( CaO)

Its used to neutralized acid
Used to make slack lime
Used as a drying agent for ammonia

LESSON NO 5

WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020

Lesson notes

Introduction:

Name of teacher: Nfon Emmanuel (LLM LAW)

School: King David Comprehensive College

Subject: Religious Studies. Cycle: 1st cycle. Class: F4 A, B and C. Date: 26/03/20. Duration: 50 mins each

Module 4: CORRUPTION AND BRIBERY

Topic : CORRUPTION

Lesson: Definition, types, causes, consequences/ impact/solutions

Justification/ rationale/importance/why the topic should be taught

* To educate and raise awareness of the impact or the destructive nature of corruption in the world / society/families and schools

Objective: By the end of lesson , students should be able to ;

- Define corruption and state it’s types

- Give thé causes of corruption

- Explain thé impact or conséquences of corruption on the individual, community and the state and the world as a whole

Topic: CORRUPTION

Définition:

*when a person does not do his duty in an honest manner and with morality, we can call him as a corrupt person and this practice can be termed as corruption.

* corruption is an act done by taking undue advantage of ones position, power or authority to gain certain rewards and favors

* Forexample if a teacher is not teaching properly in a class, then this can be called as corruption as well. This is so because the teacher is drawing his/her payment without performing his/her duties appropriately

* corruption occurs within the private and public health sectors as may appear as theft, embezzlement, nepotism and bribery up till extortion or as undue influence and occurs anywhere within the sector be it in service provision, purchasing , construction and hiring .

Corruption is a form of dishonesty or criminal offfense undertaken by a person or organisation entrusted with a position of authority to acquire illicit benefit or abuse power for ones private gains .

Corruption can occur in different scales. Corruption ranges from small favors between a small number of people ( petty corruption) to one that affects to government on a large scale( grand corruption) and corruption that is so prevalent that it is part of the everyday structure of society.

Causes of corruption

According to a 2017 survey study, the following have been attributed as causes of corruption

1. Greed of money and desire for wealth

2.. higher levels of market and political monopolization

3. Low levels of democracy, weak civil participation and low political transparency

4. Higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures

5. Low press freedom

6. Large ethnic divisions and higher levels of in-group favoritism

7. Low economic freedom

8. Gender inequality, poverty political instability

9. Low levels of education

Impacts/ consequences f corruption

1. Corruption hurts everyone

Thé impact of corruption goes beyond the corrupt individuals, the innocent colleagues who are kmplicated or the reputation of the organization they work for

1 corruption érodes thé trust we have in the public sector to act in our best interest. It also waste our taxes that have been earmarked for important community projects

Organisational impact of corruption

Financial loss

- damage to smployee morale

- damage to organisations réputation

- organization zations focus and resources diverted away from delivering core business and services to the community

Individual impacts of corruption

- disciplinary action

- termination of employment

- criminal charges

- May affect relationships with family, friends and colleagues

Community impact of corruption

- wasted tax payers funds

- loss of goods and services

- lower community confidence in public authorities

Assignment :

Give the name of the body in charge of fighting corruption in Cameroon .

- what are it’s functions and who is the chairman

LESSON NO 6

WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020

Economics form 4A,B,C

Factors influencing price elasticity of demand( Determinants)

1, Availability of close substitutes:The demand for goods with close substitutes are very elastic because an increase in price will cause consumers to switch to cheaper substitutes while goods with no close substitutes are inelastic in demand.

2, The degree of necessities and luxuries: The demand for necessities are inelastic because consumers cannot do without the goods no mater the price while luxurious goods are always elastic in demand.

3, Time period: The demand for goods in the short run is always inelastic because consumers cannot easily find substitute as well as producers cannot increase production while in the long run, demand is always elastic.

4,Habit formation: Habitual goods are inelastic in demand while non habitual goods are elastic in demand.e.g addicted cigarette smokers.

5, The percentage of income spent on the good: Goods that take a greater amount of consumers incomes are elastic in demand while goods that take a small proportion of consumers incomes are inelastic in demand.

6, Number of uses a good has: When a good has many uses, its demand turn to be price inelastic and vice versa for goods with few uses.

Importance or uses of price elasticity of demand.

A; To the Producer

1, It helps the producer to raise revenue: When the demand for a good is inelastic, the producer will increase prices to raise revenue but when a good is elastic in demand, he will reduce prices to attract customers.

2, It facilitates Price discrimination: This is when a monopoly supplier charges different prices to different customers in different markets.

Higher prices are charged in the market with inelastic goods while lower prices are charged in the market for elastic goods.

3,It helps the producer to know how to share the burden of a tax: Producers will shift the tax burden to consumers inform of high prices for inelastic goods but if the goods are elastic, producers will absorb the tax burden.

4, It helps for advertisement campaign: Inelastic goods do not need any advertisement because no matter the price, consumers will still buy while elastic goods needs a lot of advertisement.

B;To the Government:

1,It helps the government to raise revenue: When the government wants to increase her revenue, she will increase taxes on goods which are inelastic in demand since consumers will keep on but no matter the price.

2, To control the consumption of goods: when a good is elastic in demand, taxes can help reduce its consumption while subsidies can help encourage its consumption since prices will be reduced.

3, Correcting Balance of payment deficits: Balance of payment occurs when receipts are less than payments made by a country in international trade. More taxes will be placed on imported goods with elastic demand and vice versa.

4, To determine the success of devaluation:The concept of elasticity helps the government to a certain the effect of evaluation.

5, Subsidization policy: Subsidies are grants from the government to the producers to reduce their cost of production. Subsidies are always given to producers whose products are inelastic in demand. This helps them to reduce prices in favour of low income earners.