BOOK LIST 2020/2021 FORM THREE GENERAL
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SUBJECTS
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TITLES
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AUTHORS
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PUBLISHERS
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EXERCISE BOOKS
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1
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ENGLISH LANGUAGE
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Mastering English
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EgbeBesong Elvis
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NMI
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200 Ledger
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2
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LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
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Seat of Thorns
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Francis Ateh
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NYAA PUBLISHERS
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200 Ledger
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The Wrong Decision
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Douglas Achingale
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NYAA PUBLISHERS
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Authentic Poetry
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Egbe Besong Elvis
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NMI
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3
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FRENCH LANGUAGE
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Le Reseau du Français
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Kang Dickson and SOFIA
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NMI
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300pg
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4
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LOGIC
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The Essential of Logic for Ordinary Level
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Ngwonam Denis
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GRASSROOS PUBLISHERS
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80 leaves
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4
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HISTORY
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Effective Modern History for Colleges
Forms 3,4 and 5
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Batey George Eno
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DOVE
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200 Ledger
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5
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GEOGRAPHY
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Interactive Physical Geography
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Akwa Constance Nji and others
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GREENWORLD PUBLISHING
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200 Ledger
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6
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CITIZESHIP
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Citizenship Education Made Simple
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Hanah Monono
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DOVE
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80 leaves
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7
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ECONOMICS
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Masterpiece Economics
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FORBE H./NGAGNCHI/MOH
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GRASSROOTS PUBLISHER
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200 Ledger
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8
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COMMERCE
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New Ordinary Level Commerce for Cameroon
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Bartholomew Bushu
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CATWA
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200 Ledger
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9
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MATHEMATICS
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Presbook Secondary Mathematics
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KREN E.L.
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PRESSBOOK
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300 Register
calculator
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10
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PHYSICS
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Mastering Physics
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CHE FUH J.
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CAMBRIDGE
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200 Ledger
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11
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CHEMISTRY
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Understanding Chemistry
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NJIKE N.
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SHILOH PRINTS
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200 Ledger
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12
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BIOLOGY
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Understanding Biology
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TAPONG
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GREEN WORLD PUB
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200 Ledger
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13
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COMPUTER SCIENCE
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Mastering Computer Science
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ANDREW NGWA
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NMI
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80 leaves
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14
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FOOD & NUTRITION
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F/N (FORM 111 TO V)
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ANITA TULL
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OXFORD
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80 Leaves
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Dear Parents, you will find below all topics uncovered before 17/March/20 and their lesson notes in each subject. Make sure your student copy before 5th/October/2020 school resumption.
UNCOVERED TOPICS AFTER 17/03/2020
1) Logic: Comleted % covered before 17th/March/2020
2) Mathematics :Trigonometry ,Statistics and Probability, General Revisions
3) Physics: *Measurement of the focal length of a convex lens. *Colours of light . * Dispersion of White light
4) Computer Sciences :Negative impacts of computers,*Operating system,*Functions of operating system, *Types of operating system
5) Economics :-The growth of firms,-Location and localisation of industries
NEW LESSONS
WEEK BEGINNING 01/06 TO 30 /06/ 2020
ENGLISH LANGUAGE LESSON FOR FORM THREE GENERAL
Characteristics of a Poem.
The following are elements of a poem.
- Tone: It is the writer’s attitude towards his/her subject matter. It is also the way the poet feels about his/her subject matter. This states whether the poet is affectionate, hostile, earnest, sarcastic, sympathetic etc
- Rhythm: Rhythm is poetry is a recurrence of stresses and pauses in a poem. A stress or accent is the greatest amount of force given to one syllable in speaking than it is given to another.
- Rhyme: It is the similarity of sounds of words in different lines or in the same line of poetry.
- Form: This is the arrangement of words , lines verses, rhymes and other features.
- Meter: Meter is the rhythm that continuously repeats a single basic pattern.
How to study a Poem
In studying a poem, one needs to be able to do the following.
- One needs to know the title of the poem
- The name of the poet
- Identify the speaker in the poem. Is the speaker a man, a woman, shepherd, politician, trader etc
- Identify the listener or audience. Is the speaker talking to himself or herself (monologue) or the speaker is talking to a child, husband, buyer etc
- Identify where the speaker is talking (setting). Is the speaker in a valley, garden, street, office, farm, battle field, class etc
- Identify the poet's choice of words. Has the speaker used simple words or modern or archaic, simple or complex??
- Identify the form of the poem. This is the physical appearance of the poem on paper. That’s the number of stanza, lines etc.
- Identify what the speaker is talking about. This means what the poem is about or the meaning of the poem.
- Identify the mood in the poem. Mood refers to the atmosphere in the poem. This is the feeling the writer creates for the readers.
- Identify the poet's attitude and intention. This is the way the poet feels or behaves towards his/ her subject matter. It may be negative or positive, admiration or hatred, praise or disgust, condemnation etc.
- Identify the devices used and their effectiveness.
Introduction to Authentic Poetry
By Egbe Besong Elvis
About the author
Egbe Besong Elvis comes from Nchang, Manyu Division of the South West Region of Cameroon.
He is a teacher, a writer,an author and a co-author of many books like A Questionable Culture, Authentic Poetry and Mastering English.
About the Book
GRAMMAR – REVIEW OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct questions Indirect or reported questions
- Why don’t you own a phone?
They/he asked him why he didn’t own a phone - Is it difficult to use a phone? - He asked him whether it was difficult to use a phone. - What was the mark of your first phone? - She/he asked me what mark my first phone had been. - Will you browse again? - He/she asked her if she would browse again.
a) Word order: - For direct questions = auxiliary + subject + main verb. - For indirect questions = subject + auxiliary or main verb b) Questions words: - To report questions that do not have words like who, what, how, use ‘’if’’ or ‘’whether’’ c) Punctuation : - The reported questions should have no question marks ‘’?’’ or inverted commas (‘’ ‘’) d) Tense changes: - Same for reported questions as for reported statements e.g past simple to past perfect e.g - Will – Would - Can - could EXERCISE: Report the following questions 1) ‘’ Is John your real name?’’ 2) ‘’ What is your father’s name?’’ 3) When did you buy your phone?’’
Subject: Cameroon History form 3-4
Teacher : Mr Njumbe Lewis
Topic:
British Cameroon under the mandate 1922 1945 ;
introduction : on 23rd July 1922 Cameroon was from a German colony to a mandated territory to a league of Nations (LONS) Britain and France where called to role Cameroon as category B mandate. after the second world war the in September 1939 the (LONS) was replaced with the united Nations(UN) mandate system collapse thence Cameroon gain a new status as the(UN) trust territory.
How Cameroon become a mandate of the LONS.
Before the first world war Cameroon was a German colonies Anne and in. 1884. During the first world wars Britain and France attack the Germans in Cameroon. At the Battle of mora in February 1916 the German were defeated and expelled from the territory. Britain and France failed to establish a join administration (condominium). Concept oliphant and George picot Mert in London and partition Cameroon in 1916 Britain and France forces of troopes (soldiers) latter redraw to their respective 2ones in Cameroon. The Paris peace settlement ended the was and the (LONS) was created to main Tain world peace and sequrity . The Lons set up the the manded condition to administer formal German colonies including those of order defeated powers on the 28th of June 1919 the victorious power powers forced German to sigh the Versailles treaty and article 19 compeld. her to hand over all her colonies in Africa and else where. After German handed over all her colonies Cameroon was then given to Britain and France as a mandated territory of the LONS
WEEK BEGINNING 13/04 TO 30 /04 2020
CHEMISTRY F3 (15/04)
Chemical equation
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) -> Na2CO3 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
(c)concentrated sulphuric(VI)acid?
To dry the gas/as a drying agent
4.Describe the smell of carbon(IV)oxide gas
Colourless and odourless
5. Effect on lime water.
Experiment
Bubbled carbon(IV)oxide gas into a test tube containing lime water for about three
minutes
Observation
White precipitate is formed.
White precipitate dissolved when excess carbon(IV)oxide gas is bubbled .
Explanation
Carbon(IV)oxide gas reacts with lime water(Ca(OH)2) to form an insoluble white
precipitate of calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate reacts with more Carbon(IV)
oxide gas to form soluble Calcium hydrogen carbonate.
Chemical equation
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2 (g) -> CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)
CaCO3 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g) -> Ca(HCO3) 2 (aq)
6. Effects on burning Magnesium ribbon
Experiment
Lower a piece of burning magnesium ribbon into a gas jar containing carbon
(IV)oxide gas.
Observation
The ribbon continues to burn with difficulty
White ash/solid is formed.
Black speck/solid/particles formed on the side of gas jar.
Explanation
Carbon(IV)oxide gas does not support combustion/burning.Magnesium burn to
produce/release enough heat energy to decompose Carbon(IV) oxide gas to carbon
and oxygen.Magnesium continues to burn in Oxygen forming white Magnesium
Oxide solid/ash.Black speck/particle of carbon/charcoal residue forms on the sides
of reaction flask. During the reaction Carbon(IV) oxide is reduced(Oxidizing
agent)to carbon while Magnesium is Oxidized to Magnesium Oxide.
Chemical equation
2Mg(s) + CO2 (g) -> C (s) + 2MgO(l)
B: COMPOUNDS OF CARBON
The following are the main compounds of Carbon
(i)Carbon(IV)Oxide(CO2)
(ii)Carbon(II)Oxide(CO)
(iii)Carbonate(IV) (CO3
2-)and hydrogen carbonate(IV(HCO3
(iv)Sodium carbonate(Na2CO3)
(i) Carbon(IV)Oxide (CO2)
(a)Occurrence
Carbon(IV)oxide is found:
-in the air /atmosphere as 0.03% by volume.
-a solid carbon(IV)oxide can be found as a mineral
(b)School Laboratory preparation
In the school laboratory carbon(IV)oxide can be prepared in the school laboratory
from the reaction of marble chips(CaCO3)or sodium hydrogen carbonate(NaHCO3)
with dilute hydrochloric acid.
7. Dry and wet litmus papers were separately put in a gas jar containing dry
carbon (IV)oxide gas. State and explain the observations made.
Observation
Blue dry litmus paper remain blue
Red dry litmus paper remain Red
Blue wet/damp/moist litmus paper turn red
Red wet/damp/moist litmus paper remain red
Explanation
Dry Carbon (IV) oxide gas is a molecular compound that does not dissociate/ionize
to release H
+
and thus has no effect on litmus papers.
Wet/damp/moist litmus papers contains water that dissolves/react with dry carbon
(IV) oxide gas to form the weak solution of carbonic (IV) acid(H2CO3).
Carbonic (IV) acid dissociate/ionizes to a few /little free H
+
and CO3
2-
.
The few H+
(aq) ions are responsible for turning blue litmus paper to faint red
showing the gas is very weakly acidic.
Chemical equation
H2CO3(aq) -> 2H+
(aq) + CO3
2-(aq)
8. Explain why Carbon (IV)oxide cannot be prepared from the reaction of:
(i) marble chips with dilute sulphuric(VI)acid.
Explanation
Reaction forms insoluble calcium sulphate(VI)that cover/coat unreacted marble
chips stopping further reaction
Chemical equation
CaCO3(s) + H2SO4 (aq) -> CaSO4 (s) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
PbCO3(s) + H2SO4 (aq) -> PbSO4 (s) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
BaCO3(s) + H2SO4 (aq) -> BaSO4 (s) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
(ii) Lead(II)carbonate with dilute Hydrochloric acid.
Reaction forms insoluble Lead(II)Chloride that cover/coat unreacted Lead(II)
carbonate stopping further reaction unless the reaction mixture is heated.
Lead(II)Chloride is soluble in hot water.
Chemical equation
PbCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) -> PbCl2 (s) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
9. Describe the test for the presence of Carbon (IV)oxide.
Using burning splint
Lower a burning splint into a gas jar suspected to contain Carbon (IV)oxide
gas.The burning splint is extinguished.
Using Lime water.
Bubble the gas suspected to be Carbon (IV)oxide gas.A white precipitate that
dissolve in excess bubbling is formed
Chemical equation
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2 (g) -> CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)
CaCO3 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g) -> Ca(HCO3) 2 (aq)
10.State three main uses of Carbon (IV)oxide gas
(i)In the Solvay process for the manufacture of soda ash/sodium carbonate
(ii)In preservation of aerated drinks
(iii)As fire extinguisher because it does not support combustion and is denser than
air.
(iv)In manufacture of Baking powder.
(ii) Carbon(II)Oxide (CO)
(a)Occurrence
Carbon(II)oxide is found is found from incomplete combustion of fuels like petrol
charcoal, liquefied Petroleum Gas/LPG.
(b)School Laboratory preparation
In the school laboratory carbon(II)oxide can be prepared from dehydration of
methanoic acid/Formic acid(HCOOH) or Ethan-1,2-dioic acid/Oxalic
acid(HOOCCOOH) using concentrated sulphuric(VI) acid. Heating is necessary.
METHOD 1:Preparation of Carbon (IV)Oxide from dehydration of Oxalic/ethan-1,2-dioic acid
METHOD 2:Preparation of Carbon (IV)Oxide from dehydration of Formic/Methanoic acid
LESSON NO 1
BIOLOGY FOR FORM 3
WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020
Form three biology note
Kingdom animalia
Class insecta
General characteristics of insects
- They have segmented bodies
- Their body are divided in to three part ,the head ,thorax and abdomen ,and the thorax us made up of three segments, the pro, meso and meta thorax while the abdomen is made of 8-11 segments
They have pairs of walking legs ,with one pair being attached to each thoracic segment
- Their body is covered by exoskeletons made up of chitin called cuticle. The exoskeleton has the from following functions
_its serve as a point of attached of muscle
_protect the internal organs from mechanical injury and bacterial invasion
_prevents excess loss of water by evaporation
_maintain its shape and allows rapid locomotion
- They have a pair of compound eyes for vision .The compound eye is made up smaller units called ommatiadia
- They a pair of antenna used for hearing and smelling
- They have two pairs of wing attached to the last two thoracic segments, in certain insert ,one pair is absent or reduce to form balancer or halters .however ,in some insect e g lice ,fleas,etc wing are absent
- They breath using a network of tube called trachea ,which open to the exterior as spiracles
- They carry out metamorphosis ,which can either be complete or incomplete metamorphosis
MORE LESSONS IN FORM 3
WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020
IDRISS
Form Three Literature in English
Introduction to Poetry
Definition of Terms
Poetry is the branch of literature that deals with the collection of poems written in stanzas.
A stanza is a group of lines that make up a poem
A Poem is a piece of writing in which words are arranged in separate lines often ending in rhymes and are chosen for the sounds and images they suggest. A person who writes poetry or a poem is called a Poet
Types of Poems
- Pastoral or Idyll Poem: This is a poem that celebrates the countryside and it’s natural elements like rivers, valleys, shepherds, lambs, mountains etc.
- Couplet: This is a poem in which lines are made to rhyme in pairs ( rhyming couplet). It has a rhyme pattern of aa, bb,cc, dd etc
- Sonnet: This is a fourteen lined poem that can be divided into two parts. The first eight lines is referred to as the Octave and the last six lines is called the Sestet.
- Quatrain: This is a four lined poem . It can be a stanza of four lines or many stanzas of four lines each. It often hasnan alternating rhyme pattern of ab, ab etc
- Dirge or Elegy: This is a poem that has a sad and meditative tone often resulting from the death of someone or something.
- Myth or Mythology: This is a poem based on the story of immortal beings.
- Ballad: It is a short poem that tells a short story especially of folk origin. It deals with folk legends, heroes and important events. There are two types of ballad namely the Folk or Popular ballad and the Literary ballad.
- Ode( a praise poem or a poem of praise) This is a poem that praises someone, something or an event. It often makes use of an apostrophe ( direct address) and personification.
- Epic: An epic or heroic poem is a long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of heroes of history or legends. It sometimes celebrate contemporary politicians, soldiers and royalty.
- Lyric. This is a short poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker. It is a poem composed to be sung.
Terms used in Poetry/ Characteristics of a Poem
- Rhyme: This is the similarity of sounds of words in different lines or the same line of Poetry.
- Meter: It is a rhythm that continuously repeats a single basic pattern
- Form: It is the arrangement of lines, verses, words ,rhyme and other features.
- Free Verse: This is a verse that follows no particular form, meter or rhyme scheme.
- Stanza: It is a group of lines that make up a poem.
- Septet: It is a stanza of seven lines
- Quintet: It is a stanza with five lines
- Line: It is the established number of words that begin, continue or end a stanza or verse.
- Tercet: It is a stanza with three lines.
- Quartet: It is a stanza of four lines.
- Tone : It is the writer’s attitude towards his/her subject matter. It is also the way the poet feels about himself or herself towards his/ her subject matter.
- Rhythm: Rhythm in Poetry is a recurrence of stresses and pauses. A stress or accent is the greater amount of force given to one syllable in speaking than is given to another.
LESSON NO 2
WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020
*Subject; *ICT*
*Class; Form 3*
*Topic* : *video* *conferences*
*Lesson: Equipment* *used in video* *conferences.*
*Objectives ; At the end* of this lesson students should be able to known how communicate on line when using video communication.
*Lesson proper:*
A) *Video conferencing:* conferencing:
*Definition :* video conferencing: it is a technology that allowed two or more people to conduct more thing online at different locations.
*Equipment used in* *video conferencing* *are* :
1)monitor
2) loud speaker
3) web camera
4) video camera
5) Microphone
6) Head set.
Advantages of video conferencing:
1) It facilities communication
2) It enables two or more people to conduct meeting at different locations successfully.
3) It is used to share ideal between people and place .
*Disadvantage of* *video conferencing.*
1) It can be used for fraud
2) It can be used for cycle bullying
3) It can be used to share false information
4) It can be used for scanning
LESSON NO3
WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020
GEOGRAPYH FORM 3
MASS MOVEMENT
Definition:
This is the movement of broken rocks or weathered debris down the slope as a result of either the force of gravity or water. A slope refers to any part of the earth surface that lies vertically perpendicular to the surface.
Mass movement occurs in either a fast or slow mode.
Slow movements include; soil creep, solifluxtion, and earth flow Fast movements include landslide, mud flow and rock fall
SLOW MASS MOVEMENTS
1) Soil Creep: This refers to the movement of the soil that is fine materials down slope in an unnoticeable manner by the eye. It can only be noticed when the is shift in the direction of tree trunks, fences or the wall of houses towards the direction of the flow or movement
Soil creep is caused by the constant wetting and drying of the soil by rainfall and sunshine. Soil movement down the slope results in the formation of teracettes.
2) Solifluxtion:
This is the slow movement of saturated rocks down the hill. This type of mass movement is common in the cold tundra regions of the world and around mountains
During cold winter the water within the earth crust freezes causing it to become hard , while at summer the temperatures increase and the snow or ice in the top soil melts first leaving the one below still solid. This melted water carries the soil and broken rocks down slope in a slow manner. It is common in the in the temperate latitudes and when its occurs in the tropics it is called EARTH FLOW
Rapid movements
1) Land Slide: This is the sudden movement of large masses of loose rocks and weathered debris down the slope in a much faster rate or manner than was the case with latter They mostly occurs in mountainous areas and where scars under cutting occurs on an exposed hill side Land slide are caused by very heavy rains that cause the steep slope to undercut and fall off like what happened in Baffoussam in 2019. It can also be caused by a stream or river which under cuts the slope and it falls off or otherwise by eruption
LESSON NO 4
WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020
Religious studies form 3A,B,C
MODULE: LOVE
Definition:love is an emotion of a strong feeling and affection and personal attachment.
There are 3 types of love.
a, Eros love: it is sexual love.
It is the love of a man and a woman.
It is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing.
b, Philia love: it is brotherly and sisterly love.
It include loyalty to friends, family and community and requires virtue, equality and familiarity.
c,Agape love: it is love that comes from God. ( Devine Love).
It is parental love, seen as creating goodness in the world.
It is love of the soul. It is the love Christians are required to have for one another.
Qualities of love (1Corinthians.13:4 -8)
1, Love is patient.
2, love is kind.
3, Love is not jealous.
4, Love is not boastful or conceited.
5, Love is not rude or selfish.
6, Love doesn't keep records of wrongs.
7, Love is not easily provoked.
8, Love is not happy with evil.
9, Love is happy with the truth.
10, Love never gives up.
11, Love believes and hopes for all things.
11, Love is eternal.
FRIENDSHIP.
Definition: Friendship is the relationship that exist between two people who hold motual affection for each other.
A Friend: Its a person who knows and trusts and who is special to someone socially and emotionally.
Qualities of a good friend.
- Spending time doing positive things together and sharing life experiences.
- Trustworthy, believing that our friends act on our behalf.
- Motual assistance, helping and supporting each other.
- Confiding. One with whom you can share confidential matters.
Types of friendship
There are 3 types
1, Friendship of usefulness:
These are friends who link up with you only when they are in need.
Business men,coworkers, classmates always fit in this form of friendship.
2, Friendship of motual interest:
These are friends who share a common interest or pleasure in a particular activity.
If you lose interest in the common pleasure , the friendship ends.
3, Friendship of virtue: This friendship is sustained by the motual respect you have for each other. Such respect may even rise to admiration. You value one another and you enjoy each other's company.
LESSON NO 5
WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020
PHYSICS F3
MAGNIFICATION, M
This is the comparism of the image size to that of the
Object.
Magnification, M= image distance,V ÷Object distance,U
OR: Magnification,M=image height ÷ Object height
NB: *The image size may be diminished(smaller),equal (Same
as object) or magnified (larger or bigger than the object)
*If M=1,then V=U, and the image is the same as the object
*If M>1,then V>U, and the image is magnified or larger
*If M<1,then V
*If V is positive , then the image is real and if V is negative,
then the image is virtual
LENS FORMULAR
The lens formular is given by 1/f =1/U + 1/V
Where f=focal length,U=object distance, V=image distance
Example
An object is placed 0.5m from a convex lens of focal length
0.1m.
a)What is the image distance?
b)Determine the magnification
c)State the nature of the image
Solution
a)From 1/f=1/u + 1/v; =10 – 2=8
then 1/v = 1/f – 1/u then 1/v =8
= 1/0.1 – 1/0.5 V =1/8; V = 0.125m.
b)magnification M =V/U
➢ M = 0.125 ÷ 0.5 ➢ M = 0.25
C) *M < 1; Then image is diminished or smaller
*V is positive; then image is Real
Assignment
A convex lens of focal length 0.8m is 0.2m from an
object .
a)Find the distance of the image from the lens
b)Calculate the magnification
c)State the nature of the image formed.
LESSON NO 6
WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020
Economics form three
Topic:Small scale production
Lesson:Small firms
Despite the advantages that large firms enjoy, small firms still survive and exist side by side large firms.The following reason;
a)Easy management:It is easy to manage and control small firms, making it easy for them to flourish.
b)The nature of the product:Some services are better provided personally eg hair dressing thus making the size of the firm to remain small
c)Limited market: Firms that are producing for small markets tend to be small in size.
d)small optimum size:When a firm reaches its optimum size where such a size is small, the firm is forced to remain small in size
e) Lack of capital:Some firms remain small because they lack capital to expand
f)Disintegration:Industries which produce in large scale like the car industry, always break into a large number of small firms
g)Lack of capital:Some firms remain small because they lack capital to expand
Small firms
A small firm is a production unit, which has a small capital, employs a small labour force and produces a small output
Characteristics of small firms
-It has small capital
-It has small output
-It employs small labour force
Importance of small firms
-it is easy to know consumers taste
-it educates consumers on the use of goods
-It stock varieties of goods, which help consumers save time
-There is quick decision making
-Small firms are able to adjust to changing demand easily
-It is easy to establish a small firm
-It creat employment
LESSON NO 7
WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020
ABOUT THE AUTHOR; BESSONG EGBE
Bessong E. EGBE comes from Nchang manyu division in the south west region of Cameroon. He is a teacher, co-author,writer, and author of many books like a questionable culture, Authentic poetry and mastering English.
ABOUT THE BOOK
Authentic poetry is a collection of poems grouped under various headings like: family and cultural life, economic life and occupation, art and culture classified in modules. It has 6modules and the poems in these books helps and gives students an understanding of life concepts.
Literature form 3A Gen
POETRY. (Authentic Poetry by Bessong Elvis Egbe)
Definition of poetry: poetry deals with creative writing presented in a particular diction and syntax that has deeper meanings. this genre of literature connects to the world where we must reason beyond what we see in the text
DIFFERENT TYPES OF POETRY.
There exist different types of poetry;
1) Lyrics: it is a short song like a poem performed by a single subject. It expresses a personal thought or feelings.
2)Ode: it is a long lyric poem, serious and dignified in subject, tone and style. It often commemorates (in memory of) or celebrates an event or individual.
3) A sonnet: it is a poem of fourteen lines expressing a single thought or idea with an established rhyme scheme.
4) Elergy: it laments or meditates on a death or lost or passing away of things of value
5)A narrative poem: it is a poem that narrates a story or event
6) Pastoral poem: it deals with or celebrates the rural world and the pay of life close to nature. Therefore pastoral lyrics, pastoral Ode are examples of pastoral poems.
TERMS USED IN POETRY
1) The form: it refers to the organising structure of a poem (the lines and stanzas)
2) Structure: it relates to how ideas are arranged in a poem
3) Poetic diction: it refers to the poets choice of words that is his style and the manner in which he writes.
4) Figurative language: when a poet uses language in such a way that it goes beyond from the dictionary meaning of the word,it constitutes of figurative language. It mainly suggest shady meanings.
5) Imagery: when a writer uses words which creat mental pictures about events, objects or ideas, it builds up Imagery
SOUND DEVICES
a) Metonymy: this is when the name of an idea or object is applied to another with which it is closely related or part of it.
b) Juxtaposition: it is comparisms or contrast by placing two items side by side.
LESSON NO 8
WEEK BEGINNING 23RD TO 27TH MARCH 2020
Form Three Literature in English
Introduction to Poetry
Definition of Terms
Poetry is the branch of literature that deals with the collection of poems written in stanzas.
A stanza is a group of lines that make up a poem
A Poem is a piece of writing in which words are arranged in separate lines often ending in rhymes and are chosen for the sounds and images they suggest. A person who writes poetry or a poem is called a Poet
Types of Poems
- Pastoral or Idyll Poem: This is a poem that celebrates the countryside and it’s natural elements like rivers, valleys, shepherds, lambs, mountains etc.
- Couplet: This is a poem in which lines are made to rhyme in pairs ( rhyming couplet). It has a rhyme pattern of aa, bb,cc, dd etc
- Sonnet: This is a fourteen lined poem that can be divided into two parts. The first eight lines is referred to as the Octave and the last six lines is called the Sestet.
- Quatrain: This is a four lined poem . It can be a stanza of four lines or many stanzas of four lines each. It often hasnan alternating rhyme pattern of ab, ab etc
- Dirge or Elegy: This is a poem that has a sad and meditative tone often resulting from the death of someone or something.
- Myth or Mythology: This is a poem based on the story of immortal beings.
- Ballad: It is a short poem that tells a short story especially of folk origin. It deals with folk legends, heroes and important events. There are two types of ballad namely the Folk or Popular ballad and the Literary ballad.
- Ode( a praise poem or a poem of praise) This is a poem that praises someone, something or an event. It often makes use of an apostrophe ( direct address) and personification.
- Epic: An epic or heroic poem is a long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of heroes of history or legends. It sometimes celebrate contemporary politicians, soldiers and royalty.
- Lyric. This is a short poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker. It is a poem composed to be sung.
Terms used in Poetry/ Characteristics of a Poem
- Rhyme: This is the similarity of sounds of words in different lines or the same line of Poetry.
- Meter: It is a rhythm that continuously repeats a single basic pattern
- Form: It is the arrangement of lines, verses, words ,rhyme and other features.
- Free Verse: This is a verse that follows no particular form, meter or rhyme scheme.
- Stanza: It is a group of lines that make up a poem.
- Septet: It is a stanza of seven lines
- Quintet: It is a stanza with five lines
- Line: It is the established number of words that begin, continue or end a stanza or verse.
- Tercet: It is a stanza with three lines.
- Quartet: It is a stanza of four lines.
- Tone : It is the writer’s attitude towards his/her subject matter. It is also the way the poet feels about himself or herself towards his/ her subject matter.
- Rhythm: Rhythm in Poetry is a recurrence of stresses and pauses. A stress or accent is the greater amount of force given to one syllable in speaking than is given to another.
